Burns are one of the most common injuries in both home and workplace settings. Knowing how to provide proper first aid for burns can reduce pain, prevent complications, and speed healing.
Types of Burns
First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin (epidermis). They cause redness, minor swelling, and pain. Sunburns are a common example.
Second-degree burns affect the epidermis and part of the dermis. They cause blisters, severe pain, redness, and swelling.
Third-degree burns destroy the full thickness of skin and may damage underlying tissue. The skin may appear white, brown, or black. These burns may be painless because nerve endings are destroyed.
First Aid for Minor Burns
- Cool the burn under cool (not cold) running water for at least 10 minutes. This is the single most important first aid step.
- Remove jewelry and constricting items near the burn before swelling occurs.
- Do not apply butter, toothpaste, ice, or any home remedies to the burn.
- Cover loosely with a sterile, non-adhesive bandage.
- Take over-the-counter pain relief (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) as needed.
When to Call 911
Seek emergency medical care for: burns larger than 3 inches, burns on the face/hands/feet/groin/major joints, third-degree burns of any size, chemical or electrical burns, burns with difficulty breathing (possible inhalation injury), and burns in very young children or elderly adults.
Prevention in the Workplace
Employers should ensure proper training for employees who work with heat sources, chemicals, or electrical equipment. Having trained first aiders on staff can make the difference between a minor injury and a serious complication.